Wednesday, October 21, 2020

Resistor Tolerances

They say small things amuse small minds. My latest electronic design failed when I did what I usually do -- duplicate it. But I couldn't find the fault! I had two oscillators feeding a mixer, but the mixer failed. Was it a short circuit? The power supply? Faulty wiring? A CMOS IC? Faulty capacitors? Resistors? Stray capacitances? Radio frequencies? A faulty concept? These are the kinds of things one needs to check when a working circuit goes wrong. But it was "none of the above". For the first time in my experience, it was resistor tolerances. Three identical resistors measured 469 kΩ, 479 kΩ, and 482 kΩ. In the process of duplicating the circuit, I swapped them -- which makes 6% difference in the design. OBSERVATION: So I made more room for tolerances in my design. I joke that electronics is more about knowing what is wrong than knowing what is right.

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